What is a characteristic feature of the presumption of innocence?

The characteristic feature of the presumption of innocence is that the state must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This principle is foundational to the criminal justice system and serves to protect the rights of individuals accused of crimes. Under this presumption, a defendant is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. This means it is the responsibility of the prosecution to present sufficient evidence to convince a judge or jury of the defendant's guilt, and this must be done to a very high standard—beyond a reasonable doubt.

This framework ensures that individuals are safeguarded against wrongful convictions and that the burden of proof lies with the state, reflecting a commitment to justice and fairness in legal proceedings. In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the presumption of innocence. For instance, the defendant is not required to prove their innocence; it is instead the state that must establish guilt. Additionally, trials typically involve juries, and the outcomes are not solely determined by judges in most circumstances involving criminal matters. Thus, the emphasis on the state bearing the burden of proof is what defines this critical legal principle.