What is the primary purpose of a search warrant?

The primary purpose of a search warrant is to allow law enforcement to seize evidence from a specific location. A search warrant is a legal document issued by a judge or magistrate that provides law enforcement officers the authority to search a particular premises, vehicle, or property for specific items that are believed to be connected to criminal activity. This process is grounded in the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures.

By requiring a search warrant, the law ensures that there is probable cause—meaning a reasonable belief that evidence of a crime will be found in the specified location. This protects the rights of individuals by requiring law enforcement to present justifiable reasons for invasive searches, thus maintaining a balance between effective law enforcement and personal privacy.

The other options mentioned serve different legal functions. For example, authorizing arrests, compelling testimony, and ensuring access to legal counsel each relate to other aspects of criminal procedure but do not pertain specifically to the function of a search warrant.