What is the starting document for criminal cases?

In criminal cases, the starting document is an information or indictment, which formally initiates criminal prosecution against an individual accused of committing a crime. An indictment is typically used in felonies and is issued by a grand jury, while an information is filed by a prosecutor without a grand jury when dealing with misdemeanors or certain felonies.

This document outlines the charges against the accused and serves as a foundational legal instrument that formally brings the case before the court. It is critical as it not only describes the nature of the alleged crime but also the statutory provisions underlying the charges.

In contrast, a statement of claim is associated with civil cases, where a party initiates a lawsuit seeking remedy for harm, which doesn’t apply to criminal proceedings. A civil complaint also pertains to civil disputes and not the initiation of criminal charges. Lastly, an appeal notice is relevant after a verdict has been rendered, allowing a party to challenge the decision of a lower court, which is an entirely different phase of the legal process. Thus, the information or indictment is integral to commencing criminal proceedings, making it the correct choice.